DNA Comprehensive Check

Cardiovascular health refers to the overall well-being of the heart and blood vessels.

APOE rs7412

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid binding protein that transports triglycerides and cholesterol in multiple tissues, including the brain. There is research to suggest that the APOE-e4 allele has the strongest risk factor gene for Alzheimer’s disease since over 60% of persons with Alzheimer’s disease harbor at least one e4 allele. The e4/e4 genotype is cited as being a higher risk than e3/e4. However, inheriting a single or double ApoE4 genotype does not mean a person will develop the disease as there are many other epigenetic factors at play.

APOE rs429358

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid binding protein that transports triglycerides and cholesterol in multiple tissues, including the brain. There is research to suggest that the APOE-e4 allele has the strongest risk factor gene for Alzheimer’s disease since over 60% of persons with Alzheimer’s disease harbor at least one e4 allele. The e4/e4 genotype is cited as being a higher risk than e3/e4. However, inheriting a single or double ApoE4 genotype does not mean a person will develop the disease as there are many other epigenetic factors at play.

MTHFR C677T

MTHFR helps our bodies use folate effectively, but certain genetic differences, like the mutations C677T and A1298C, can slow it down. If someone has two copies of C677T mutation or a mix of one C677T and one A1298C mutation, it slows MTHFR even more, making it harder to convert homocysteine. This could lead to higher homocysteine levels, which might increase the risk of heart problems.

MTHFR A1298C

MTHFR helps our bodies use folate effectively, but certain genetic differences, like C677T and A1298C, can slow it down. If someone has two copies of C677T or a mix of C677T and A1298C, it slows MTHFR even more, making it harder to convert homocysteine. This could lead to higher homocysteine levels, which might increase the risk of heart problems.

LPA I4399M

The LPA I4399M gene variant is a change in the LPA gene that can increase the risk of heart disease by raising levels of a protein called lipoprotein (a), which can lead to the buildup of plaques in arteries.

PON1 Q192R

The PON1 gene encodes paraoxonase 1, an enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage by attaching to HDL particles. The Q192R mutation alters the enzyme's efficiency, potentially increasing the risk of heart disease and inflammation.

PPAR-alpha rs1800206

The PPAR-alpha rs1800206 gene variant is a change in the PPARA gene, which helps regulate how the body uses fats for energy. This variant can affect fat metabolism and influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

MTR A2756G

MTR and MTRR use folate and vitamin B12 to produce a crucial substance called methionine. If someone has two identical mutations in MTRR, or mutations in both MTR and MTRR, it can greatly reduce methionine production, potentially leading to higher levels of homocysteine in the blood and raising the risk of conditions like coronary artery disease.

MTRR A66G

MTR and MTRR use folate and vitamin B12 to produce a crucial substance called methionine. If someone has two identical mutations in MTRR, or mutations in both MTR and MTRR, it can greatly reduce methionine production, potentially leading to higher levels of homocysteine in the blood and raising the risk of conditions like coronary artery disease.

TNF-a G-308A

The TNF-a gene encodes TNF-alpha, a cytokine involved in inflammation and immune response. The G-308A variant may increase TNF-alpha production, raising the risk of inflammatory conditions and cardiovascular diseases.

ACE1 rs4343

The ACE1 gene encodes the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance. The rs4343 variant (A2350G) affects how much ACE you produce — the G allele is linked to higher levels and tighter blood vessels, increasing cardiovascular risk but beneficial for power and strength exercise, while the A allele supports endurance through better blood flow.

AGTR1 A1166C

The AGTR1 gene encodes the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, which plays a role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. The A1166C variant can increase the risk of hypertension and metabolic syndrome by affecting the receptor's function.

NOS1 rs3782218

The NOS1 gene encodes neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1), which produces nitric oxide, involved in regulating blood flow and neurotransmission. Variants are associated with an increased risk of developing diabetic nephropathy and an increased likelihood of renal replacement therapy.

ADRB2 G16R

The ADRB2 gene encodes the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, which is involved in the body's response to adrenaline and noradrenaline, affecting heart rate, blood pressure, fat metabolism and oxygen delivery. The G16R variant can influence the receptor's function and has been associated with conditions like asthma.

Metabolic health and weight management encompass the body's ability to efficiently convert food into energy while maintaining healthy hormone balance.

HFE-C282Y (G845GA)

There is research to suggest that mutations in the HFE C282Y may lead to an iron overload due to increased iron absorption and disrupted metabolism. Individuals who carry two copies of the HFE C282Y gene mutation, known as homozygotes, represent the majority (85 to 90 percent) of individuals with hemochromatosis. Whilst those with only one mutation in the HFE C282Y gene are associated with a lower risk of iron overload you may want to consider talking to your doctor about further testing if hemochromatosis runs in your family and have either of these mutations.

PPAR-alpha rs1800206

The PPAR-alpha rs1800206 gene variant is a change in the PPARA gene, which helps regulate how the body uses fats for energy. This variant can affect fat metabolism and influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

APOA2 T-265C

The APOA2 T-265C gene variant has been associated with differences in body mass index (BMI) and food intake, potentially influencing obesity risk and dietary habits.

ACSL1 rs9997745

This ACSL1 variant is associated with fat metabolism and lipid processing. ACSL1 encodes an enzyme critical for activating long-chain fatty acids, a key step in lipid metabolism. Variants may influence how efficiently the body metabolises and stores fats, potentially affecting energy production and fat distribution.

GPX1 rs1050450

The GPX1 gene encodes glutathione peroxidase 1, an enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage. This variant can reduce the enzyme's efficiency, increasing the risk of oxidative stress-related conditions like diabetes complications and certain cancers.

NBPF3 rs4654748

The NBPF3 gene is associated with the synthesis of a hormone involved in the clearance of vitamin B6 from the body. Variants can lead to lower levels of vitamin B6 in the blood, which is important for neurological function, red blood cell production, and sugar metabolism.

ADIPOQ T45G

The ADIPOQ gene encodes the protein adiponectin, which helps regulate glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown. The T45G variant can influence adiponectin levels and is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic diseases.

MTNR1B rs10830963

The MTNR1B gene produces a receptor for melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles. Variants in this gene may raise blood sugar levels, increasing type 2 diabetes risk, and can also affect sleep quality, making it harder to fall or stay asleep.

TCF7L2 rs7903146

The TCF7L2 gene encodes a transcription factor involved in the Wnt signalling pathway, which plays a role in regulating blood sugar levels. This variant is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes by affecting insulin secretion and glucose metabolism.

PPARGC1A G482S

The PPARGC1A gene encodes the protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), which is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. The G482S variant is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes metabolic diseases and exercise induced changes in VO2 max.

SHBG rs6258

The SHBG gene produces sex hormone-binding globulin, which regulates sex hormone levels like oestrogen and testosterone. Variations in the SHBG gene can affect SHBG levels, influencing the risk of type 2 diabetes and menopausal symptoms, as well as bone health, muscle mass, and overall well-being.

AGTR1 A1166C

The AGTR1 gene encodes the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, which plays a role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. The A1166C variant can increase the risk of hypertension and metabolic syndrome by affecting the receptor's function.

NOS1 rs3782218

The NOS1 gene encodes neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1), which produces nitric oxide, involved in regulating blood flow and neurotransmission. Variants are associated with an increased risk of developing diabetic nephropathy and an increased likelihood of renal replacement therapy.

ADRB2 G16R

The ADRB2 gene encodes the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, which is involved in the body's response to adrenaline and noradrenaline, affecting heart rate, blood pressure, fat metabolism and oxygen delivery. The G16R variant can influence the receptor's function and has been associated with conditions like asthma.

DIO1 rs2235544

The DIO1 gene converts inactive thyroid hormone (T4) into its active form (T3), which regulates metabolism and energy use. Variants can affect this conversion, potentially altering thyroid hormone levels and metabolic balance.

ABCG2 Q141K

The ABCG2 gene encodes a protein that transports substances like drugs and toxins in and out of cells. The Q141K variant reduces this transport, leading to a buildup of uric acid in the blood, increasing the risk of gout and affecting kidney health.

CYP17A2 T-34C

The CYP17A2 gene encodes an enzyme involved in producing steroid hormones like oestrogen and androgens. The T-34C variant can increase the activity of this enzyme, leading to higher levels of these hormones and potentially affecting conditions like hormone-related cancers and metabolic processes.

Genes such as HLA, PEMT, MTR, and LCT can dictate how your body handles specific foods, potentially leading to conditions like lactose intolerance or nutrient absorption issues.

HLA DQ2.5

Celiac disease is an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye. Published research shows that approximately 30 percent of the general population have variants in the celiac disease risk genes HLA-DQA1 through HLA-DQB, yet only 3% of these individuals develop celiac disease.

HLA-DQ8

Celiac disease is an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye. Published research shows that approximately 30 percent of the general population have variants in the celiac disease risk genes HLA-DQA1 through HLA-DQB, yet only 3% of these individuals develop celiac disease.

HFE-C282Y (G845GA)

There is research to suggest that mutations in the HFE C282Y may lead to an iron overload due to increased iron absorption and disrupted metabolism. Individuals who carry two copies of the HFE C282Y gene mutation, known as homozygotes, represent the majority (85 to 90 percent) of individuals with hemochromatosis. Whilst those with only one mutation in the HFE C282Y gene are associated with a lower risk of iron overload you may want to consider talking to your doctor about further testing if hemochromatosis runs in your family and have either of these mutations.

MTHFR C677T

MTHFR helps our bodies use folate effectively, but certain genetic differences, like the mutations C677T and A1298C, can slow it down. If someone has two copies of C677T mutation or a mix of one C677T and one A1298C mutation, it slows MTHFR even more, making it harder to convert homocysteine. This could lead to higher homocysteine levels, which might increase the risk of heart problems.

MTHFR A1298C

MTHFR helps our bodies use folate effectively, but certain genetic differences, like C677T and A1298C, can slow it down. If someone has two copies of C677T or a mix of C677T and A1298C, it slows MTHFR even more, making it harder to convert homocysteine. This could lead to higher homocysteine levels, which might increase the risk of heart problems.

PEMT C744G

The PEMT C744G mutation is associated with having lower choline production in the liver. Choline is essential for a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which helps send messages through to various organs like the lungs, heart, and brain. If you don't get enough choline, it could affect memory and sleep, as well as how your organs work.

PEMT M175V

The PEMT M175V mutation is associated with having lower choline production in the liver. Choline is essential for a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which helps send messages through to various organs like the lungs, heart, and brain. If you don't get enough choline, it could affect memory and sleep, as well as how your organs work.

LCT C-13910T

The LCT C-13910T gene variant affects the lactase enzyme, which breaks down lactose. This variant is linked to lactose persistence - the ability to digest lactose. The Wild type variant on the other hand, causes lactose intolerance: difficulty digesting lactose and leading to gastrointestinal symptoms like bloating, gas, and diarrhoea.

VKORC1*2 G-1639A

The VKORC12 G-1639A gene variant affects how the body processes vitamin K, essential for blood clotting and bone health. This variant can also influence the dosage of blood-thinning medications like warfarin, as it impacts the enzyme's activity involved in recycling vitamin K.

CYP2R1 rs10741657

The CYP2R1 gene, is responsible for converting vitamin D into its active form in the liver. This variant can influence vitamin D levels in the body, with certain alleles associated with lower vitamin D levels and potential vitamin D insufficiency.

MTHFD1 G1958A

MTHFD1 helps convert one form of folate into another form that is critical for making DNA and RNA, as well as for providing methyl groups for important cellular processes like methylation. Mutations in MTHFD1 result in lower levels of active folate, which is a key input for downstream biological pathways.

MTR A2756G

MTR and MTRR use folate and vitamin B12 to produce a crucial substance called methionine. If someone has two identical mutations in MTRR, or mutations in both MTR and MTRR, it can greatly reduce methionine production, potentially leading to higher levels of homocysteine in the blood and raising the risk of conditions like coronary artery disease.

MTRR A66G

MTR and MTRR use folate and vitamin B12 to produce a crucial substance called methionine. If someone has two identical mutations in MTRR, or mutations in both MTR and MTRR, it can greatly reduce methionine production, potentially leading to higher levels of homocysteine in the blood and raising the risk of conditions like coronary artery disease.

FUT2 rs601338

The FUT2 gene encodes an enzyme that influences blood group antigen secretion and gut bacteria composition. This variant can cause non-secretor status, affecting gut microbiome diversity and increasing susceptibility to infections like norovirus and autoimmune disorders.

TCN2 G776C

The TCN2 gene encodes a protein called transcobalamin II, which plays a crucial role in transporting vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in the bloodstream. Homozygous mutations in the TCN2 C766G gene can impact the function of transcobalamin II and subsequently affect the transport of vitamin B12. Transcobalamin II binds to vitamin B12 in the blood, forming a complex that allows vitamin B12 to be carried to cells throughout the body. Once inside the cells, vitamin B12 is released from transcobalamin II and can be used for various biochemical reactions, including DNA synthesis, nerve function, and red blood cell production.

NBPF3 rs4654748

The NBPF3 gene is associated with the synthesis of a hormone involved in the clearance of vitamin B6 from the body. Variants can lead to lower levels of vitamin B6 in the blood, which is important for neurological function, red blood cell production, and sugar metabolism.

VDR-FokI

The VDR gene encodes the vitamin D receptor, which regulates calcium and phosphate levels, affecting bone health and immune function. The FokI variant impacts VDR activity, with the GG variant being more active, potentially influencing vitamin D metabolism and related health outcomes.

Emotional and psychological health is controlled by neurotransmitters, hormones, and neural networks in the brain, which regulate mood, stress, and emotional responses.

APOE rs7412

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid binding protein that transports triglycerides and cholesterol in multiple tissues, including the brain. There is research to suggest that the APOE-e4 allele has the strongest risk factor gene for Alzheimer’s disease since over 60% of persons with Alzheimer’s disease harbor at least one e4 allele. The e4/e4 genotype is cited as being a higher risk than e3/e4. However, inheriting a single or double ApoE4 genotype does not mean a person will develop the disease as there are many other epigenetic factors at play.

APOE rs429358

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid binding protein that transports triglycerides and cholesterol in multiple tissues, including the brain. There is research to suggest that the APOE-e4 allele has the strongest risk factor gene for Alzheimer’s disease since over 60% of persons with Alzheimer’s disease harbor at least one e4 allele. The e4/e4 genotype is cited as being a higher risk than e3/e4. However, inheriting a single or double ApoE4 genotype does not mean a person will develop the disease as there are many other epigenetic factors at play.

COMT V158M

The V158M mutation in COMT can change how quickly your body breaks down dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, which affects mood, thinking, and stress. This contributes to health outcomes including cognitive performance, susceptibility to psychiatric disorders, and stress-related conditions.

PEMT C744G

The PEMT C744G mutation is associated with having lower choline production in the liver. Choline is essential for a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which helps send messages through to various organs like the lungs, heart, and brain. If you don't get enough choline, it could affect memory and sleep, as well as how your organs work.

PEMT M175V

The PEMT M175V mutation is associated with having lower choline production in the liver. Choline is essential for a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which helps send messages through to various organs like the lungs, heart, and brain. If you don't get enough choline, it could affect memory and sleep, as well as how your organs work.

TCN2 G776C

The TCN2 gene encodes a protein called transcobalamin II, which plays a crucial role in transporting vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in the bloodstream. Homozygous mutations in the TCN2 C766G gene can impact the function of transcobalamin II and subsequently affect the transport of vitamin B12. Transcobalamin II binds to vitamin B12 in the blood, forming a complex that allows vitamin B12 to be carried to cells throughout the body. Once inside the cells, vitamin B12 is released from transcobalamin II and can be used for various biochemical reactions, including DNA synthesis, nerve function, and red blood cell production.

5-HT2A T102C

The 5-HT2A gene encodes the serotonin 2A receptor, which regulates mood and responses to medications. The T102C variant can affect responses to psychotropic drugs and is linked to conditions like schizophrenia and depression.

5-HT2A G-1438A

The 5-HT2A gene encodes the serotonin 2A receptor, which regulates mood and responses to medications. The G-1438A variant can influence receptor expression, affecting the response to antipsychotics and increasing the risk of depression.

MAO-A R297R

The MAO-A gene encodes an enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. The R297R variant can affect enzyme activity, potentially increasing susceptibility to psychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety.

BDNF V66M

The BDNF gene encodes brain-derived neurotrophic factor, essential for neuron growth and survival. The V66M variant can impair BDNF secretion, leading to memory issues, mood disorders, and an increased risk of neuropsychiatric conditions like depression and schizophrenia.

NBPF3 rs4654748

The NBPF3 gene is associated with the synthesis of a hormone involved in the clearance of vitamin B6 from the body. Variants can lead to lower levels of vitamin B6 in the blood, which is important for neurological function, red blood cell production, and sugar metabolism.

CYP1A2 rs762551

CYP1A2 is responsible for metabolizing caffeine, a stimulant found in coffee, tea, and other beverages. Variations in the CYP1A2 gene can influence the rate at which caffeine is metabolized, affecting its duration of action and potential impact on sleep. Slow metabolizers of caffeine may experience prolonged stimulation, leading to difficulties falling asleep or maintaining sleep.

MTNR1B rs10830963

The MTNR1B gene produces a receptor for melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles. Variants in this gene may raise blood sugar levels, increasing type 2 diabetes risk, and can also affect sleep quality, making it harder to fall or stay asleep.

This section identifies genetic variations that influence how your body processes certain medications, impacting their efficacy and potential side effects.

ALDH2 rs671

This variant affects alcohol metabolism by reducing ALDH2 enzyme activity. Carriers of the A allele accumulate acetaldehyde, causing flushing, nausea, and higher risks of alcohol-related health issues.

VKORC1*2 G-1639A

The VKORC12 G-1639A gene variant affects how the body processes vitamin K, essential for blood clotting and bone health. This variant can also influence the dosage of blood-thinning medications like warfarin, as it impacts the enzyme's activity involved in recycling vitamin K.

5-HT2A T102C

The 5-HT2A gene encodes the serotonin 2A receptor, which regulates mood and responses to medications. The T102C variant can affect responses to psychotropic drugs and is linked to conditions like schizophrenia and depression.

5-HT2A G-1438A

The 5-HT2A gene encodes the serotonin 2A receptor, which regulates mood and responses to medications. The G-1438A variant can influence receptor expression, affecting the response to antipsychotics and increasing the risk of depression.

CYP1A2 rs762551

CYP1A2 is responsible for metabolizing caffeine, a stimulant found in coffee, tea, and other beverages. Variations in the CYP1A2 gene can influence the rate at which caffeine is metabolized, affecting its duration of action and potential impact on sleep. Slow metabolizers of caffeine may experience prolonged stimulation, leading to difficulties falling asleep or maintaining sleep.

CYP2C9*3 A1075C

The CYP2C9 gene encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of various drugs, including warfarin. The A1075C variant (CYP2C93) affects the enzyme's activity, leading to reduced metabolism of warfarin and an increased risk of bleeding in individuals taking the medication.

CYP2C19*17 C-806T

The CYP2C19 gene encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of various drugs. The C-806T variant (CYP2C1917) increases the enzyme's activity, leading to ultra-rapid drug metabolism and potentially affecting the efficacy and safety of medications.

CYP2D6 C100T

The CYP2D6 gene encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of many drugs, including antidepressants and opioids. The C100T variant (CYP2D610) can lead to increased enzyme activity, affecting how individuals respond to medications.

CYP3A4*1B A-392G

The CYP3A4 gene encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of many drugs and toxins. The A-392G variant (CYP3A41B) can increase the enzyme's activity, potentially affecting drug metabolism.

ABCG2 Q141K

The ABCG2 gene encodes a protein that transports substances like drugs and toxins in and out of cells. The Q141K variant reduces this transport, leading to a buildup of uric acid in the blood, increasing the risk of gout and affecting kidney health.

GSTM1 rs366631

The GSTM1 gene encodes an enzyme that detoxifies harmful substances like drugs and toxins. The homozygous genotype results in a deleted, non-functional gene, which may increase susceptibility to certain cancers and chemical sensitivities.

Strength, stability, and athletic performance rely on the coordinated function of muscles, joints, and bones to support movement and endurance.

PPARGC1A G482S

The PPARGC1A gene encodes the protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), which is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. The G482S variant is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes metabolic diseases and exercise induced changes in VO2 max.

SHBG rs1799941

The SHBG gene codes for a protein called sex hormone-binding globulin, which plays a key role in regulating the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone in the body. Genetic variations in the SHBG gene can influence how much SHBG is produced. Some variations may lead to higher levels of SHBG, which could result in lower levels of free testosterone in the blood. This might contribute to menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, mood swings, and decreased libido. On the other hand, certain genetic variants may cause lower levels of SHBG, potentially leading to higher levels of free testosterone. This could impact menopausal women differently, possibly affecting bone health, muscle mass, and overall well-being.

SHBG rs6258

The SHBG gene produces sex hormone-binding globulin, which regulates sex hormone levels like oestrogen and testosterone. Variations in the SHBG gene can affect SHBG levels, influencing the risk of type 2 diabetes and menopausal symptoms, as well as bone health, muscle mass, and overall well-being.

ACE1 rs4343

The ACE1 gene encodes the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance. The rs4343 variant (A2350G) affects how much ACE you produce — the G allele is linked to higher levels and tighter blood vessels, increasing cardiovascular risk but beneficial for power and strength exercise, while the A allele supports endurance through better blood flow.

VDR-FokI

The VDR gene encodes the vitamin D receptor, which regulates calcium and phosphate levels, affecting bone health and immune function. The FokI variant impacts VDR activity, with the GG variant being more active, potentially influencing vitamin D metabolism and related health outcomes.

Immune health plays a vital role in protecting the body from infections and maintaining overall balance, while inflammation is the body’s natural response to injury or illness.

HLA DQ2.5

Celiac disease is an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye. Published research shows that approximately 30 percent of the general population have variants in the celiac disease risk genes HLA-DQA1 through HLA-DQB, yet only 3% of these individuals develop celiac disease.

HLA-DQ8

Celiac disease is an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye. Published research shows that approximately 30 percent of the general population have variants in the celiac disease risk genes HLA-DQA1 through HLA-DQB, yet only 3% of these individuals develop celiac disease.

PON1 Q192R

The PON1 gene encodes paraoxonase 1, an enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage by attaching to HDL particles. The Q192R mutation alters the enzyme's efficiency, potentially increasing the risk of heart disease and inflammation.

GPX1 rs1050450

The GPX1 gene encodes glutathione peroxidase 1, an enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage. This variant can reduce the enzyme's efficiency, increasing the risk of oxidative stress-related conditions like diabetes complications and certain cancers.

FUT2 rs601338

The FUT2 gene encodes an enzyme that influences blood group antigen secretion and gut bacteria composition. This variant can cause non-secretor status, affecting gut microbiome diversity and increasing susceptibility to infections like norovirus and autoimmune disorders.

IL6 G-174C

The IL6 gene encodes the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), which plays a key role in inflammation and immune response. The G-174C variant can lead to higher levels of IL-6 in the blood, increasing the risk of inflammatory conditions.

TNF-a G-308A

The TNF-a gene encodes TNF-alpha, a cytokine involved in inflammation and immune response. The G-308A variant may increase TNF-alpha production, raising the risk of inflammatory conditions and cardiovascular diseases.

VDR-FokI

The VDR gene encodes the vitamin D receptor, which regulates calcium and phosphate levels, affecting bone health and immune function. The FokI variant impacts VDR activity, with the GG variant being more active, potentially influencing vitamin D metabolism and related health outcomes.

Hormone & Reproductive Health refers to the balance of hormones that regulate the reproductive system, influencing fertility, menstrual cycles, and overall reproductive function.

SHBG rs1799941

The SHBG gene codes for a protein called sex hormone-binding globulin, which plays a key role in regulating the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone in the body. Genetic variations in the SHBG gene can influence how much SHBG is produced. Some variations may lead to higher levels of SHBG, which could result in lower levels of free testosterone in the blood. This might contribute to menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, mood swings, and decreased libido. On the other hand, certain genetic variants may cause lower levels of SHBG, potentially leading to higher levels of free testosterone. This could impact menopausal women differently, possibly affecting bone health, muscle mass, and overall well-being.

SHBG rs6258

The SHBG gene produces sex hormone-binding globulin, which regulates sex hormone levels like oestrogen and testosterone. Variations in the SHBG gene can affect SHBG levels, influencing the risk of type 2 diabetes and menopausal symptoms, as well as bone health, muscle mass, and overall well-being.

CYP17A2 T-34C

The CYP17A2 gene encodes an enzyme involved in producing steroid hormones like oestrogen and androgens. The T-34C variant can increase the activity of this enzyme, leading to higher levels of these hormones and potentially affecting conditions like hormone-related cancers and metabolic processes.